TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of maternal dietary cow's milk on the immune response to β-lactoglobulin in the offspring

T2 - A four-generation study in mice

AU - Brix, Susanne

AU - Christensen, Hanne Risager

AU - Barkholt, Vibeke

AU - Frøkiær, Hanne

PY - 2005/3

Y1 - 2005/3

N2 - Background: Evaluation of immune responses to food proteins in animal models requires that the animals are not already sensitized or orally tolerized against the proteins in question. Since maternal transfer of specific immune responses has been observed, breeding of animals on an antigen-free diet for several generations may be necessary to obtain immunologically naïve animals. Methods: To determine the most appropriate breeding conditions of mice to be used in immunological studies on food proteins, we examined immune responses towards β-lactoglobulin (BLG) in mice bred on a milk-containing diet (F0) and then for three generations (F1-F3) on a commercially available milk-free diet. The specific antibody and cell-proliferative response to BLG was compared in non-immunized and immunized BALB/c mice, and in mice orally tolerized to BLG prior to immunization. Results: The immune response to BLG in the F1 generation deviated from the response observed in the F0 and F2/F3 generations. Importantly, trace amounts of BLG detected in the commercial milk-free diet did not induce oral tolerance. Conclusions: The study showed that breeding mice on an antigen-free diet for at least two generations is required to attain animals appropriate for immunological studies of food proteins. Although the small quantity of BLG in the milk-free diet did not induce detectable oral tolerance in the present study, it is strongly recommended that the potential effect of contaminating dietary antigen is considered in future studies on food proteins.

AB - Background: Evaluation of immune responses to food proteins in animal models requires that the animals are not already sensitized or orally tolerized against the proteins in question. Since maternal transfer of specific immune responses has been observed, breeding of animals on an antigen-free diet for several generations may be necessary to obtain immunologically naïve animals. Methods: To determine the most appropriate breeding conditions of mice to be used in immunological studies on food proteins, we examined immune responses towards β-lactoglobulin (BLG) in mice bred on a milk-containing diet (F0) and then for three generations (F1-F3) on a commercially available milk-free diet. The specific antibody and cell-proliferative response to BLG was compared in non-immunized and immunized BALB/c mice, and in mice orally tolerized to BLG prior to immunization. Results: The immune response to BLG in the F1 generation deviated from the response observed in the F0 and F2/F3 generations. Importantly, trace amounts of BLG detected in the commercial milk-free diet did not induce oral tolerance. Conclusions: The study showed that breeding mice on an antigen-free diet for at least two generations is required to attain animals appropriate for immunological studies of food proteins. Although the small quantity of BLG in the milk-free diet did not induce detectable oral tolerance in the present study, it is strongly recommended that the potential effect of contaminating dietary antigen is considered in future studies on food proteins.

KW - β-Lactoglobulin

KW - Food protein

KW - Maternal transfer

KW - Offspring

KW - Oral tolerance

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=16444372278&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1159/000083951

DO - 10.1159/000083951

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 15722634

AN - SCOPUS:16444372278

VL - 136

SP - 250

EP - 257

JO - International Archives of Allergy and Immunology

JF - International Archives of Allergy and Immunology

SN - 1018-2438

IS - 3

ER -