A Pilot Study on the Influence of Facial Expression on Measurements in Three-Dimensional Digital Surfaces of the Face in Infants With Cleft Lip and Palate.
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A Pilot Study on the Influence of Facial Expression on Measurements in Three-Dimensional Digital Surfaces of the Face in Infants With Cleft Lip and Palate. / Hermann, Nuno Vibe; Darvann, Tron Andre; Larsen, P.; Lindholm, Pernille; Andersen, M.; Kreiborg, Sven.
I: Cleft Palate - Craniofacial Journal, Bind 53, Nr. 1, 2016, s. 3-15.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - A Pilot Study on the Influence of Facial Expression on Measurements in Three-Dimensional Digital Surfaces of the Face in Infants With Cleft Lip and Palate.
AU - Hermann, Nuno Vibe
AU - Darvann, Tron Andre
AU - Larsen, P.
AU - Lindholm, Pernille
AU - Andersen, M.
AU - Kreiborg, Sven
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Objective Three-dimensional surface imaging is an increasingly popular modality for face measurements in infants with cleft lip and palate. Infants are noncompliant toward producing specific facial expressions, and selecting the appropriate moment of acquisition is challenging. The objective was to estimate amount and spatial distribution of deformation of the face due to facial expression in infants with cleft lip and palate and provide recommendations for an improved acquisition protocol, including a method of quality control in terms of obtaining images with true neutral expression.Material and Methods Three-dimensional surface images of ten 4-month-old infants with unrepaired cleft lip and palate were obtained using a 3dMDface stereophotogrammetric system. For each subject, five surface images judged as representing a neutral expression were obtained during the same photo session. Mean and maximum deformations were calculated. A formalized review was performed, allowing the image exhibiting the “best” neutral expression to be selected, thus decreasing errors due to residual facial expression.Results Deformation due to facial expression generally increased from forehead to chin. The amount of deformation in three selected regions were determined: nose (mean, 1 mm; maximum = 3 mm); cleft region (mean, 2 mm; maximum = 5 mm); chin region (mean, 5 mm; maximum = 12 mm). Analysis indicated that introduction of a formalized review of images could reduce these errors by a factor of 2.Conclusions The continuous change of facial expression in infants represents a substantial source of error; however, this may be reduced by incorporating a formalized review into the acquisition protocol.
AB - Objective Three-dimensional surface imaging is an increasingly popular modality for face measurements in infants with cleft lip and palate. Infants are noncompliant toward producing specific facial expressions, and selecting the appropriate moment of acquisition is challenging. The objective was to estimate amount and spatial distribution of deformation of the face due to facial expression in infants with cleft lip and palate and provide recommendations for an improved acquisition protocol, including a method of quality control in terms of obtaining images with true neutral expression.Material and Methods Three-dimensional surface images of ten 4-month-old infants with unrepaired cleft lip and palate were obtained using a 3dMDface stereophotogrammetric system. For each subject, five surface images judged as representing a neutral expression were obtained during the same photo session. Mean and maximum deformations were calculated. A formalized review was performed, allowing the image exhibiting the “best” neutral expression to be selected, thus decreasing errors due to residual facial expression.Results Deformation due to facial expression generally increased from forehead to chin. The amount of deformation in three selected regions were determined: nose (mean, 1 mm; maximum = 3 mm); cleft region (mean, 2 mm; maximum = 5 mm); chin region (mean, 5 mm; maximum = 12 mm). Analysis indicated that introduction of a formalized review of images could reduce these errors by a factor of 2.Conclusions The continuous change of facial expression in infants represents a substantial source of error; however, this may be reduced by incorporating a formalized review into the acquisition protocol.
U2 - 10.1597/14-142
DO - 10.1597/14-142
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 25844560
VL - 53
SP - 3
EP - 15
JO - Cleft Palate - Craniofacial Journal
JF - Cleft Palate - Craniofacial Journal
SN - 1055-6656
IS - 1
ER -
ID: 164515696